Which term refers to private rights and remedies sought by suit, distinct from criminal proceedings?

The term that refers to private rights and remedies sought by suit, distinct from criminal proceedings, is civil. In the legal context, civil law deals with disputes between individuals or organizations, where the objective is typically to seek compensation or remedy for harm or infringement of rights. Civil cases often involve issues such as contracts, torts, property disputes, and family law, emphasizing the resolution of private grievances rather than punishing wrongdoing, which is the focus of criminal law.

Civil law allows individuals to resolve conflicts without involving the state as a prosecutor, which characterizes criminal law. For instance, in a civil action, a person might sue another for damages resulting from a breach of contract or negligence. The outcome can include financial compensation or specific performance, but it does not result in criminal penalties or imprisonment. Understanding this distinction is essential for navigating legal terminology and recognizing the appropriate legal pathways for addressing different types of disputes.

In contrast, criminal law primarily addresses offenses against the state, where the government prosecutes an individual for violating laws that harm society. Administrative law involves regulations and enforcement actions related to government agencies, while commercial law deals specifically with business and trade practices. Each of these areas serves distinct functions within the legal system, reinforcing the uniqueness of civil law in addressing personal